Guideline for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of paediatric ventilator associated pneumonia The Challenge. The Evidence. The Solution. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) remains a serious clinical issue in UK ICUs with NHS England data estimating 3,0006,000 deaths per year and treatment costs of 10,00020,000 Ventilator associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review Intensive Care Medicine Springer Nature Link Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious ICU risk but it can be prevented with the right care. Key risk factors: prolonged ventilation, poor oral hygiene, improper positioning, and contaminated equipment.